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Breast cancer is a cancer of the glandular
breast tissue.
Worldwide, breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death
(after lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer).
Among women worldwide, breast cancer is the most
common cancer.
Early breast cancer can in some cases present as breast pain (mastodynia) or
a painful lump. Since the advent of breast mammography, breast cancer is
most frequently discovered as an asymptomatic nodule on a mammogram, before
any symptoms are present. A lump under the arm or above the collarbone that
does not go away may be present. When breast cancer associates with skin
inflammation, this is known as inflammatory breast cancer. In inflammatory
breast cancer, the breast tumor itself is causing an inflammatory reaction
of the skin, and this can cause pain, swelling, warmth, and redness
throughout the breast.
Changes in the appearance or shape of the breast can raise
suspicions of breast cancer.
Another reported symptom complex of breast cancer is
Paget's disease of the breast. This syndrome presents as eczematoid skin
changes at the nipple, and is a late manifestation of an underlying breast
cancer.
Most breast symptoms do not turn out to represent underlying breast cancer.
Benign breast diseases such as fibrocystic mastopathy, mastitis, functional
mastodynia, and fibroadenoma of the breast are more common causes of breast
symptoms. The appearance of a new breast symptom should be taken seriously
by both patients and their doctors, because of the possibility of an
underlying breast cancer at almost any age.
Occasionally, breast cancer presents as metastatic disease, that is, cancer
that has spread beyond the original organ. Metastatic breast cancer will
cause symptoms that depend on the location of metastasis. More common sites
of metastasis include bone, liver, lung, and brain. Unexplained weight loss
can occasionally herald an occult breast cancer, as can symptoms of fevers
or chills. Bone or joint pains can sometimes be manifestations of metastatic
breast cancer, as can jaundice or neurological symptoms. Pleural effusions
are not uncommon with metastatic breast cancer. Obviously, these symptoms
are "non-specific," meaning they can also be manifestations of many other
illnesses
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